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Alternative use of Szondi test as a diagnostic tool
Pokorná, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The rigorous thesis analyzes the Szondi test and its theory in the light of current knowledge. Its aim is to examine the potential of this diagnostic method and to consider the possibilities of its application. On the basis of the free-association research, the direction of interest has divided into three studies. The first of them verifies the relationship of Szondi's theory with personality characteristics, that are attributed to individual photos (stimulus material) on the scale of the semantic differential. In most cases, the results confirm significant differences between the factors. In the second study, the narrative approach is selected, it means "telling stories" method will be used for discover the projective potential. Qualitative analysis indicates, that stories have some similarities - in the context of given factors, however, they almost never follow Szondi's assumptions. The data does suggest, that Szondi test has a potencial to insight into the important topics of the respondent's life. The third study examines the relationship between the Szondi test and selected personality characteristics measured by Szondi test. The research confirmed the connection between a choice of photographs and some of detected personality qualities. KEY WORDS: Szondi test, projection, face perception,...
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Visual attention to faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection
Pátková, Žaneta ; Třebická Fialová, Jitka (advisor) ; Lukavský, Jiří (referee) ; Stirratt, Michael (referee)
This thesis focuses on visual attention towards faces in intersexual and intrasexual selection. It consists of two main parts. The first part begins with a brief overview of the intersexual and intrasexual selection mechanisms. Within the framework of intersexual selection, facial attractiveness is discussed, with its putative link to health and immune system function. Within the framework of intrasexual selection, the thesis focuses on perceived facial dominance and formidability and their connection to actual characteristics. Moreover, specific facial traits and morphological features connected with judgements of attractiveness, dominance, and formidability are described. Given the scarce evidence of direct visual attention towards facial features connected with judgements of facial attractiveness and dominance or formidability, we discuss the eye-tracking method, which can measure direct visual attention. A brief summary of eye-tracking studies focusing on visual attention to faces, especially during attractiveness and dominance assessments, is provided. Finally, the thesis focuses on how individual sensory modalities (visual, olfactory and vocal) relate to each other in the perception of individuals and the detection of cues to an individual's quality. The second part of this thesis includes...
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From the facial reconstruction based on the skull to the identification of the individual: demands, principles, problems
Moštková, Miroslava ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Facial reconstruction based on the skull is a technique allowing recreation of the original facial features of an individual. However, recreation of the exact look is nearly impossible at this time. Facial reconstruction is used during archaeological research or during investigation of forensic cases. The facial reconstruction methods used are morphoscopic, morphometric, or a combination of the two. They are used during a manual and computerized process to create two dimensional or three-dimensional reconstruction of the individual. Accuracy and reliability can be determined with each one of these methods by quantitative and qualitative measurements. Reliability and accuracy of the facial reconstruction should also be considered from a view of the facial perception. The human face is perceived in a holistic-analytical way which is based on a calculation of the distances between different features. Facial reconstruction is based on the recognition of familiar faces that are perceived on the basis of internal features that are not influenced by differences in the view angle or expression. Unfamiliar faces are perceived on the basis of from external features. Faces with significant facial features are identified faster. Facial features can be organized by the significance of their influence for recognition of...
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Ideal of male beauty for adolescents
Slavíčková, Barbora ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Myšková, Lucie (referee)
in English Beauty is an abstract concept, which extends into many specific areas of our lives. We assess it individually and subjectively. I'll try to use this work to explore how adolescents perceive and evaluate the beauty. It will focus on the ideal of male beauty. I am interested in major differences between the ideals of girls and of boys and will try to find out which areas of beauty are important for them a which are not. My target group are ninth grade students of elementary school aged between 14 and 15 years. The thesis has two parts. The first part is theoretical, in which I point out the importance of self conception in relation to adolescent age and physical appearance. Then I will describe and explain the importance of individual parts of the body and face. Subsequently I will also interpret basic theories of perception in relation to social perception. The second, practical part will present specific ideals of male beauty designed by girls and boys. I will introduce different ideals by different ways of view and try to interpret differences between girlish and boyish images of male ideals.
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Qualitative analysis of laic personality description on the basis of facial morphology
Souhrada, Jan ; Pivoňková, Věra (advisor) ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva (referee)
This study examines spontanneous, laic personality ratings of face in comparison to following questionnaires: 16 PF, EPQ-R, NEO-PI-R. We've focused on how people spontaneously rate personality from face in relation to traits which are examined by said questionnaires. We tried to discover which traits are part of questionnaires but not included qualiative ratings and vice versa which traits can be found in laic descriptions but not in questionnaires. We used data from previous studies which provided us with two independent data, self-reports and ratings of facial photographs. Ratings were sorted out and compared to questionnaires. Most of the traits from qualiative data were also included in NEO-PI-R, specifically 90,4% of traits from self-reports and 82,90% of peer reports. 16 PF covered 88% and 77,81% of traits, EPQ-R 86% and 75,94% respectively. The least covered factor overall was Self-Reliance (16 PF) which included only 0,4% of all traits from self-reports. We have not found any factor which would be completely neglected in qualiatitve descriptions. Atractivity and physical traits were one of the main traits among those left unclassified. As with atractivity itself there was wide range of traits that we are unsure of how much personality relevant they actually are. Among unclassified traits...
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Qualitative analysis of laic personality description on the basis of facial morphology
Souhrada, Jan ; Pivoňková, Věra (advisor) ; Poláčková Šolcová, Iva (referee)
This study examines spontanneous, laic personality ratings of face in comparison to following questionnaires: 16 PF, EPQ-R, NEO-PI-R. We've focused on how people spontaneously rate personality from face in relation to traits which are examined by said questionnaires. We tried to discover which traits are part of questionnaires but not included qualiative ratings and vice versa which traits can be found in laic descriptions but not in questionnaires. We used data from previous studies which provided us with two independent data, self-reports and ratings of facial photographs. Ratings were sorted out and compared to questionnaires. Most of the traits from qualiative data were also included in NEO-PI-R, specifically 90,4% of traits from self-reports and 82,90% of peer reports. 16 PF covered 88% and 77,81% of traits, EPQ-R 86% and 75,94% respectively. The least covered factor overall was Self-Reliance (16 PF) which included only 0,4% of all traits from self-reports. We have not found any factor which would be completely neglected in qualiatitve descriptions. Atractivity and physical traits were one of the main traits among those left unclassified. As with atractivity itself there was wide range of traits that we are unsure of how much personality relevant they actually are. Among unclassified traits...
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From the facial reconstruction based on the skull to the identification of the individual: demands, principles, problems
Moštková, Miroslava ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Blažek, Vladimír (referee)
Facial reconstruction based on the skull is a technique allowing recreation of the original facial features of an individual. However, recreation of the exact look is nearly impossible at this time. Facial reconstruction is used during archaeological research or during investigation of forensic cases. The facial reconstruction methods used are morphoscopic, morphometric, or a combination of the two. They are used during a manual and computerized process to create two dimensional or three-dimensional reconstruction of the individual. Accuracy and reliability can be determined with each one of these methods by quantitative and qualitative measurements. Reliability and accuracy of the facial reconstruction should also be considered from a view of the facial perception. The human face is perceived in a holistic-analytical way which is based on a calculation of the distances between different features. Facial reconstruction is based on the recognition of familiar faces that are perceived on the basis of internal features that are not influenced by differences in the view angle or expression. Unfamiliar faces are perceived on the basis of from external features. Faces with significant facial features are identified faster. Facial features can be organized by the significance of their influence for recognition of...
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The role of minority type preference in human sexual selection
Pokorný, Šimon ; Kleisner, Karel (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
Minority phenotype preference, or the negative frequency-dependent selection is a type of selection, where a feature is more preferred, the lower it's frequency is in the population. Even a weak effect in other-preference based sexual selection can result in a sustainable polymorphism. This study reviews the phenomenon in the context of human visual facial features. Common trends in attractiveness shape the morphology of the human face towards uniformity. Individual recognition however, as a condition for most social relations, uses the wast variability of different features. This variability could be formed and maintained by minority phenotype preference. In our study we tested the effect of minority phenotype preference in the selection for rare hair and eye colors. In 120 unique sets, each containing six photographs, we experimentally manipulated the frequency of each color type. These sets were then shown to 226 human raters. We tested whether the relative frequency of each color type affected the rating of individual stimuli. In hair color, significant effect of minority phenotype preference was detected when females rated the photographs of men. When males rated the photographs of females, the effect was significant in eye color only. Key words: face perception, sexual selection,...
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Alternative use of Szondi test as a diagnostic tool
Pokorná, Martina ; Bahbouh, Radvan (referee) ; Niederlová, Markéta (referee)
The rigorous thesis analyzes the Szondi test and its theory in the light of current knowledge. Its aim is to examine the potential of this diagnostic method and to consider the possibilities of its application. On the basis of the free-association research, the direction of interest has divided into three studies. The first of them verifies the relationship of Szondi's theory with personality characteristics, that are attributed to individual photos (stimulus material) on the scale of the semantic differential. In most cases, the results confirm significant differences between the factors. In the second study, the narrative approach is selected, it means "telling stories" method will be used for discover the projective potential. Qualitative analysis indicates, that stories have some similarities - in the context of given factors, however, they almost never follow Szondi's assumptions. The data does suggest, that Szondi test has a potencial to insight into the important topics of the respondent's life. The third study examines the relationship between the Szondi test and selected personality characteristics measured by Szondi test. The research confirmed the connection between a choice of photographs and some of detected personality qualities. KEY WORDS: Szondi test, projection, face perception,...
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Ideal of male beauty for adolescents
Slavíčková, Barbora ; Smetáčková, Irena (advisor) ; Myšková, Lucie (referee)
in English Beauty is an abstract concept, which extends into many specific areas of our lives. We assess it individually and subjectively. I'll try to use this work to explore how adolescents perceive and evaluate the beauty. It will focus on the ideal of male beauty. I am interested in major differences between the ideals of girls and of boys and will try to find out which areas of beauty are important for them a which are not. My target group are ninth grade students of elementary school aged between 14 and 15 years. The thesis has two parts. The first part is theoretical, in which I point out the importance of self conception in relation to adolescent age and physical appearance. Then I will describe and explain the importance of individual parts of the body and face. Subsequently I will also interpret basic theories of perception in relation to social perception. The second, practical part will present specific ideals of male beauty designed by girls and boys. I will introduce different ideals by different ways of view and try to interpret differences between girlish and boyish images of male ideals.
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